制造業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分。近年來(lái),美國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本、韓國(guó)等國(guó)家高度重視制造業(yè)發(fā)展,紛紛出臺(tái)制造業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,大力支持先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)研發(fā),促進(jìn)本國(guó)制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。加大前沿領(lǐng)域的研發(fā)布局,注重公私合作模式的利用和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定,這些舉措對(duì)打造我國(guó)制造業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)有重要的借鑒作用。
We will build a network of manufacturing innovation platforms to strengthen common technology and promote application. Advanced manufacturing powers support the development of platforms and generic technologies by creating innovative platforms and networks. The United States promotes the construction of national manufacturing innovation network
加強(qiáng)政府對(duì)制造業(yè)的協(xié)調(diào)管理,注重制造業(yè)研發(fā)落到實(shí)處。制造強(qiáng)國(guó)往往重視對(duì)制造業(yè)的統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)管理,以促進(jìn)先進(jìn)制造業(yè)研發(fā)的開(kāi)展和落實(shí)。美國(guó)成立專門的協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu), 并建立了定期評(píng)估和報(bào)告機(jī)制。2012年美國(guó)在商務(wù)部國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)研究院(NIST)下設(shè)立了先進(jìn)制造國(guó)家計(jì)劃辦公室(AMNP),負(fù)責(zé)先進(jìn)制造計(jì)劃的跨部門協(xié)調(diào)。德國(guó)制造業(yè)發(fā)展由聯(lián)邦經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)部和教研部聯(lián)合管理,這兩個(gè)部于2015年啟動(dòng)了升級(jí)版工業(yè)4.0平臺(tái)建設(shè)。來(lái)自商業(yè)、科學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)和工會(huì)的專家與各聯(lián)邦部委的專題工作組代表一起開(kāi)發(fā)運(yùn)行解決方案,這些小組在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和規(guī)范以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的安全性、法律框架、研究和工作安排等領(lǐng)域展望未來(lái)的相關(guān)問(wèn)題。德國(guó)工業(yè)4.0平臺(tái)整體負(fù)責(zé)德國(guó)4.0的戰(zhàn)略研究、發(fā)展和協(xié)調(diào)整個(gè)工業(yè)的數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型工作,目標(biāo)是通過(guò)與企業(yè)、工會(huì)和政府的對(duì)話,從整體角度提升工業(yè)4.0的實(shí)踐。
We will build a network of manufacturing innovation platforms to strengthen common technology and promote application. Advanced manufacturing powers support the development of platforms and generic technologies by creating innovative platforms and networks. The United States promotes the construction of national manufacturing innovation network
瞄準(zhǔn)制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新前沿,加強(qiáng)在重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域的研發(fā)部署。隨著新一輪產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的不斷深入,工業(yè)4.0、工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、先進(jìn)制造、智能制造成為席卷全球的制造業(yè)理念,世界主要國(guó)家都在推動(dòng)制造業(yè)與新一代信息技術(shù)融合,以實(shí)現(xiàn)本國(guó)制造業(yè)向數(shù)字化、智能化方向邁進(jìn)。美、德、日、韓四國(guó)為了搶占制造業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的制高點(diǎn),都瞄準(zhǔn)新興前沿領(lǐng)域,從國(guó)家層面加大了制造業(yè)相關(guān)技術(shù)的研發(fā)部署。納米技術(shù)等新材料技術(shù),3D打印、智能制造等新興制造技術(shù)是各國(guó)普遍重視的領(lǐng)域。信息通信技術(shù)與其他技術(shù)的融合正在催生新一代制造技術(shù),傳感技術(shù)、機(jī)器人技術(shù)、人工智能、信息物理系統(tǒng)等代表著未來(lái)技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。
We will build a network of manufacturing innovation platforms to strengthen common technology and promote application. Advanced manufacturing powers support the development of platforms and generic technologies by creating innovative platforms and networks. The United States promotes the construction of national manufacturing innovation network
打造制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)網(wǎng)絡(luò),加強(qiáng)共性技術(shù)攻關(guān)和推廣應(yīng)用。先進(jìn)制造強(qiáng)國(guó)通過(guò)打造創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)和網(wǎng)絡(luò),支持平臺(tái)和共性技術(shù)的發(fā)展。美國(guó)推進(jìn)國(guó)家制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè),著力加大對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)共性技術(shù)和平臺(tái)型技術(shù)的資助,凝聚各方力量加快制造技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新和商業(yè)化。德國(guó)大力支持靈活的制造系統(tǒng)、創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品的高效研發(fā)、資源與能源的高效利用、電動(dòng)汽車相關(guān)的制造技術(shù)、工業(yè)4.0等。德國(guó)聯(lián)邦經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)部和教研部還推出了“工業(yè)4.0平臺(tái)地圖”,從該在線地圖上可以清晰看到遍布德國(guó)各地的工業(yè)4.0應(yīng)用實(shí)例和試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)。日本希望建立物聯(lián)網(wǎng)建設(shè)共享平臺(tái)(超智能社會(huì)服務(wù)平臺(tái)),使其成為創(chuàng)造新價(jià)值的核心,以實(shí)現(xiàn)超智能社會(huì)的未來(lái)愿景。為此日本提出要加強(qiáng)構(gòu)建該平臺(tái)所需的基礎(chǔ)性技術(shù),如實(shí)現(xiàn)軟硬件組合及構(gòu)建和運(yùn)用大規(guī)模系統(tǒng)的“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建技術(shù)”等。日本將不斷完善知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化戰(zhàn)略,推動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建、大數(shù)據(jù)解析、人工智能等服務(wù)平臺(tái)建設(shè)不可缺少的共性技術(shù)研發(fā)。
We will build a network of manufacturing innovation platforms to strengthen common technology and promote application. Advanced manufacturing powers support the development of platforms and generic technologies by creating innovative platforms and networks. The United States promotes the construction of national manufacturing innovation network
強(qiáng)調(diào)公私合作,注重加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)學(xué)研結(jié)合及促進(jìn)持續(xù)創(chuàng)新。為促進(jìn)制造業(yè)發(fā)展,各國(guó)重視調(diào)動(dòng)私營(yíng)部門力量,強(qiáng)調(diào)以公私合作(PPP)模式支持技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,促進(jìn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研結(jié)合和創(chuàng)新成果的商業(yè)化。韓國(guó)通過(guò)創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作機(jī)制,采取政府搭臺(tái)、企業(yè)主導(dǎo)的方式支持制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新。韓國(guó)政府認(rèn)為,推進(jìn)制造業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),企業(yè)是主力軍,政府的作用主要體現(xiàn)在搭建營(yíng)商環(huán)境,切實(shí)消除阻礙制造業(yè)發(fā)展的政策限制。韓國(guó)將扶持和培育相對(duì)處于弱勢(shì)地位的中小企業(yè)作為重點(diǎn)方向之一,采取大企業(yè)帶動(dòng)小企業(yè)、由試點(diǎn)地區(qū)逐漸向全國(guó)擴(kuò)散的“漸進(jìn)式”推廣策略。通過(guò)組建政府和企業(yè)聯(lián)合創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)團(tuán)、創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)民官協(xié)商會(huì)議和地方創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新中心等機(jī)構(gòu),促進(jìn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作,推動(dòng)制造業(yè)發(fā)展。
We will build a network of manufacturing innovation platforms to strengthen common technology and promote application. Advanced manufacturing powers support the development of platforms and generic technologies by creating innovative platforms and networks. The United States promotes the construction of national manufacturing innovation network
以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化為先導(dǎo),加強(qiáng)對(duì)未來(lái)制造業(yè)的引領(lǐng)和支撐。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)于制造技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的路徑非常關(guān)鍵,因而也是先進(jìn)制造強(qiáng)國(guó)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化政策是德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和創(chuàng)新政策的重要組成部分,德國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府希望通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化有針對(duì)性地促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新。為此,聯(lián)邦經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)部啟動(dòng)了“創(chuàng)新與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”和“通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化轉(zhuǎn)讓研究與開(kāi)發(fā)成果”兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目。為了解決復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的組成問(wèn)題,引入RAMI4.0體系架構(gòu)模型,從產(chǎn)品生命周期/價(jià)值鏈、層級(jí)和架構(gòu)等級(jí)三個(gè)維度對(duì)工業(yè)4.0進(jìn)行描述,有助于提升參考架構(gòu)的通用性,以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化方式指導(dǎo)不同行業(yè)企業(yè)開(kāi)展工業(yè)4.0實(shí)踐。
We will build a network of manufacturing innovation platforms to strengthen common technology and promote application. Advanced manufacturing powers support the development of platforms and generic technologies by creating innovative platforms and networks. The United States promotes the construction of national manufacturing innovation network
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