不得不說，工業(yè)化是一個國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必由之路，縱觀人類發(fā)展的歷程，工業(yè)自動化的變革與發(fā)展帶動的是整個社會經(jīng)濟的不斷提升。雖說我國工業(yè)自動化的發(fā)展歷程僅有幾十年的時間，但其所創(chuàng)造的物質(zhì)財富大大超過以往各個時代的總和。從最初步入工業(yè)化時代開始，我國的工業(yè)發(fā)展速度讓世界為之一驚，不僅建成了體系完整、產(chǎn)能巨大的工業(yè)體系，還成為了世界制造業(yè)第一大國和全球第二大經(jīng)濟體，成功探索出一條符合中國國情的工業(yè)化道路。
It has to be said that industrialization is the only way for the economic development of a country. Throughout the course of human development, the transformation and development of industrial automation has led to the continuous improvement of the whole social economy. Although the development of industrial automation in China is only a few decades, the material wealth created by China is far more than the sum of the previous eras.
黨的十九大報告指出，“推動新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展”。自從我國在十六大上提出新型工業(yè)化的道路以來，新型工業(yè)化之路成為繼“工業(yè)4.0”之后的熱門詞匯之一。所謂新型工業(yè)化，就是堅持以信息化帶動工業(yè)化，以工業(yè)化促進信息化，簡而言之即科技含量高、經(jīng)濟效益好、資源消耗低、環(huán)境污染少、人力資源優(yōu)勢得到充分發(fā)揮的工業(yè)化。近日，工業(yè)和信息化部總經(jīng)濟師王新哲提出“新時代工業(yè)發(fā)展需從五方面發(fā)力”，全方位闡述了新時代下的新型工業(yè)化發(fā)展之路。
The so-called new industrialization, is stick to drive industrialization by informationization, industrialization promotes informatization, in short the high technological content, good economic benefits, low resources consumption, little environmental pollution, human resources give full play to the industrialization. Recently, wang xinzhe, chief economist of the ministry of industry and information technology, put forward a new era of industrialization development in the new era.
立足五個點，邁向新道路
王新哲在《人民日報》發(fā)表署名文章《新時代工業(yè)發(fā)展需從五方面發(fā)力》中指出，在全球經(jīng)濟長期低迷、深刻調(diào)整情況下，這樣的成績和局面確實值得欣慰和自豪。但是，我國工業(yè)發(fā)展不平衡不充分的問題依然突出。當(dāng)前，我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展已經(jīng)進入新時代。新時代我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，就是要建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系，推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
•要著力增強創(chuàng)新發(fā)展能力。創(chuàng)新是引領(lǐng)發(fā)展的第一動力，要圍繞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈部署創(chuàng)新鏈，圍繞創(chuàng)新鏈配置資金鏈，協(xié)同配合、有序銜接，加快克服關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，突破產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸制約。
efforts should be made to enhance the capacity for innovation and development. Innovation is leading the first motive force in the development, deployment of innovation chain around industry chain, capital chain around innovation chain configuration, cooperate, in order to connect together, speed up to overcome the key core technology, break through the bottleneck of industrial development.
•要著力深化“兩個融合”。一是信息化和工業(yè)化深度融合，加快突破5G、工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，搶占產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的制高點。二是軍民深度融合，在空天海洋、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)、生命科學(xué)、核技術(shù)等關(guān)系未來的核心領(lǐng)域，培育一批戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。
deepen the "two integration". The first is the in-depth integration of informationization and industrialization, accelerating the breakthrough of key core technologies such as 5G and industrial Internet, and seizing the high ground of industrial development. The second is the deep integration of the military and the people, and the development of a number of strategic emerging industries in the core areas of the future, such as the sky, the sea, the information network, life science and nuclear technology.
•要著力提高產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)質(zhì)量。要深化實施增品種、提品質(zhì)、創(chuàng)品牌戰(zhàn)略，提升制造業(yè)質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，促進和支持企業(yè)瞄準(zhǔn)國際先進水平，加快技術(shù)、裝備和產(chǎn)品服務(wù)換代升級，形成優(yōu)質(zhì)多樣化的供給體系。還要推動工業(yè)設(shè)計產(chǎn)業(yè)專業(yè)化、聚集化、高端化發(fā)展，培育形成一批具有核心競爭力的專業(yè)設(shè)計機構(gòu)、國際知名的工業(yè)設(shè)計大師、有世界影響力的設(shè)計品牌。
To promote the industrial design industry specialization, gathered, high-end development, form a group with core competitiveness of the professional design agencies, international famous master of industrial design, has the world influence the design of the brand.
•要著力提升開放合作水平。以開放促發(fā)展，在國際競爭與合作中成長壯大，是我國制造業(yè)發(fā)展的重要法寶。要適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟全球化的新趨勢和我國發(fā)展更高層次開放型經(jīng)濟的戰(zhàn)略部署，深化“中國制造2025”國際對接合作，支持企業(yè)積極融入全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、價值鏈、創(chuàng)新鏈，優(yōu)化全球布局、打造全球品牌。
•要著力優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境。實現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，關(guān)鍵在營造有利于實體經(jīng)濟特別是制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的環(huán)境。要強化放水養(yǎng)魚意識，深化“放管服”改革，最大限度降低制造業(yè)稅費負擔(dān)，增強企業(yè)發(fā)展的內(nèi)生動力和能力。
• efforts should be made to optimize the industrial development environment. To achieve high quality development, the key is to create an environment conducive to the real economy, especially the innovation and development of the manufacturing industry. We should strengthen the awareness of releasing water and raising fish, deepen the reform of "management and management", minimize the burden of manufacturing taxes and taxes, and enhance the endogenous power and capacity of enterprises to develop.
回首過往，一項全新的技術(shù)誕生，必將引發(fā)一個時代的重大變革，比如英國抓住第一次工業(yè)革命蒸汽機技術(shù)的機遇，率先實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化；美國抓住電氣技術(shù)變革的機遇，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟飛躍，成為世界強國。著眼當(dāng)下，影響工業(yè)競爭格局的非信息技術(shù)莫屬。綜上所述，新型工業(yè)化道路的核心關(guān)鍵在于充分利用信息化技術(shù)等實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)智能化，做到與時俱進，乃至彎道超車。
發(fā)展勢頭迅猛，關(guān)鍵問題仍在
2017年在我國政府的大力推動下，工業(yè)發(fā)展取得了巨大成效，但其中仍然存在發(fā)展不平衡不充分的想象。最為顯而易見的，當(dāng)屬工業(yè)整體發(fā)展水平的地域分布，由我國東部、中部、西部逐級降低的梯度差距。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于地理位置及資源配置等因素的制約，我國中西部地區(qū)大多以發(fā)展重工業(yè)為主，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟發(fā)展速度緩慢。為此，國家沒少在這上面下功夫，通過西氣東輸、西電東輸兩大重點工程平衡中西部地區(qū)與東部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展平衡，旨在充分利用中西部地區(qū)特有的資源加速發(fā)展。
To that end, countries are not less in this work, through the west to east gas pipeline, China lost two key project balance in the central and western regions and the eastern region of the balance of economic development, to make full use of the special resources to accelerate the development of the central and western regions.
不僅如此，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡亦是我國目前面臨的較大問題之一，例如當(dāng)下的鋼鐵、石化、建材等行業(yè)的低水平產(chǎn)能過剩，而高端產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展不夠，關(guān)鍵裝備、核心零部件和基礎(chǔ)軟件等依賴進口和外資企業(yè)的現(xiàn)象較為嚴(yán)重。以芯片制造產(chǎn)業(yè)為例，國產(chǎn)芯片雖已逐漸步入正軌，但原材料依賴進口率高達90％，作為新型工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，不由得讓業(yè)內(nèi)人士為之著急。
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