5月31日,國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,5月份,中國制造業(yè)采購經(jīng)理指數(shù)(PMI)為51.9%,比上月高0.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn),制造業(yè)總體擴(kuò)張有所加快。然而,5月26日,眾城智庫在貴陽大數(shù)據(jù)博覽會上發(fā)布的《2018先進(jìn)制造業(yè)發(fā)展白皮書》卻指出,隨著新一輪產(chǎn)業(yè)遷移加快,制造業(yè)流出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加大,成為中國發(fā)展先進(jìn)制造業(yè)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)之一。
affect the development of Chinese manufacturing industry. Only by taking technological innovation as the driving force and grasping new development opportunities can we overcome the impact of the outflow of manufacturing industry.
近年來,不少外國制造業(yè)企業(yè)離開中國,而多家外資制造業(yè)巨頭開始考慮回到本國設(shè)廠。對此,有專家表示,中國的智能制造目標(biāo)是以高端制造業(yè)為主,隨著高端制造企業(yè)回流,勢必會帶走相關(guān)領(lǐng)域先進(jìn)技術(shù),影響中國制造業(yè)發(fā)展。只有以技術(shù)創(chuàng)新為驅(qū)動,把握新的發(fā)展機(jī)會,才能克服制造業(yè)流出的影響。
difficult point. On June 2, liu wenqiang, vice President of the China academy of electronic information industry development, told sci-tech daily.
It is urgent to build a manufacturing innovation center
"The global manufacturing industry is undergoing a series of profound changes and the global manufacturing innovation system is being
“制造業(yè)的變革凝結(jié)了大量的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品,是創(chuàng)新最集中最活躍的領(lǐng)域,也是各國技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的主戰(zhàn)場。中國制造轉(zhuǎn)型升級由大變強(qiáng)——出路在創(chuàng)新,難點(diǎn)也在創(chuàng)新。”6月2日,中國電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展研究院副院長劉文強(qiáng)在接受科技日報(bào)記者采訪時(shí)說。
建設(shè)制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心迫在眉睫
“全球制造業(yè)正在發(fā)生一系列深刻的變化,全球制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新體系也在進(jìn)行重構(gòu),所以,加快建設(shè)新型創(chuàng)新體系至關(guān)重要。”劉文強(qiáng)說。
劉文強(qiáng)介紹,當(dāng)前,全球制造業(yè)正呈現(xiàn)出新的趨勢,主要表現(xiàn)為:從技術(shù)研發(fā)角度看,單項(xiàng)技術(shù)正在向多項(xiàng)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變;從研發(fā)主體看,正在廣泛地參與推動多領(lǐng)域、跨主體的多主體協(xié)同創(chuàng)新;從創(chuàng)新速度看,創(chuàng)新迭代非???,速度致勝使得創(chuàng)新的各環(huán)節(jié)交叉并行;從價(jià)值體現(xiàn)來看,商業(yè)模式創(chuàng)新拓展實(shí)現(xiàn)了新的價(jià)值。
electronic information industry development, told sci-tech daily.
It is urgent to build a manufacturing innovation center
"The global manufacturing industry is undergoing a series of profound changes and the global manufacturing innovation system is being reconstructed. Therefore, it is important to accelerate the construction of a new innovation system." "Said liu.
劉文強(qiáng)表示,在此背景下,世界各國都在加快推進(jìn)制造業(yè)戰(zhàn)略,建設(shè)新型的創(chuàng)新載體。中國制造正處于由大到強(qiáng)的重要關(guān)口,離制造強(qiáng)國還有一定的距離。一方面自主創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng),關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)缺失,受制于人;另一方面創(chuàng)新載體分散重復(fù),許多研究中心在研發(fā)內(nèi)容上有所重疊,缺乏統(tǒng)籌。
此外,科研成果轉(zhuǎn)化不暢,許多國內(nèi)大中型工業(yè)企業(yè)研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)占比不足1%,而美國、日本、德國等發(fā)達(dá)國家則普遍在2%以上。
“面對這些問題,加快建設(shè)制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心、推進(jìn)創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)可謂迫在眉睫。”劉文強(qiáng)說,創(chuàng)新中心的主要目標(biāo)是為了最大程度地整合創(chuàng)新資源,解決產(chǎn)業(yè)共性技術(shù)問題,推動科技成果的轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)化,實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化攻關(guān)。
"In the face of these problems, it is extremely urgent to speed up the construction of innovation centers in manufacturing industry and promote the construction of innovation systems." Liu wenqiang said that the main goal of the innovation center is to integrate the innovation resources to the maximum extent, solve the common technical problems of the industry, promote the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and achieve industrialization.
與傳統(tǒng)的工程研究中心、工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室載體相比,制造業(yè)要建設(shè)的創(chuàng)新中心更強(qiáng)調(diào):打造新型的創(chuàng)新鏈;解決資源分散重復(fù)封閉交叉問題;解決創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)如何發(fā)展的問題。
劉文強(qiáng)認(rèn)為,創(chuàng)新中心的核心是開放合作。在管理運(yùn)行中,要突出市場化機(jī)制、突出自我持續(xù)發(fā)展,采取小核心大平臺的模式,通過產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)盟以及行業(yè)吸納更多的創(chuàng)新資源和創(chuàng)新機(jī)構(gòu)。同時(shí),要建立政產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的市場化機(jī)制,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)“自我造血”。
In addition, the transformation of scientific research results is not smooth, and many domestic large and medium-sized industrial enterprises account for less than 1% of the r&d funds, while the United States, Japan, Germany and other developed countries generally account for more than 2%.
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